Sphagnum falcatulum is the third most common among the 16 sphagnum mosses species that have been observed in Chile (www.musgosdechile.cl). It is an eminently aquatic moss. It colonizes rain water pools in raised bogs, where very low pH values and poor nutrient conditions prevail. In the southern hemisphere, it is present in Chile from Patagonia to Cape Horn, as well as in Australia, New Zeland and Subantarctic Islands. Due to its wide distribution it is considered a “Holantarctic” species.