Author: wetlander

The Chilean government, led by Sebastián Piñera, delayed the entry into force of the Decreto N°25 (2017), a ley regulating the harvest of Sphagnum magellanicum in the country. The supposed entry into force of this regulation was due for August 2018. The new date for the entry into force is August 2019. The reason for postponing the Decreto N°25 (2017) was a massive pressure created by the enterprises harvesting and exporting the Sphagnum. Sadly, this postponement entails a great peat moss fever, as the harvest can be realized for at least one more year without any regulations. People from rural communities close to peatlands reported a rise of new harvesting sites in Aysén and Magallanes, including peatlands situated on state owned territories. Chile, in this way, is making at step behind on the way of conserving and protecting this valuable ecosystems.

We are happy that the Chilean government eventually passed a regulation to protect the peatmoss Sphagnum magellanicum, which is the main component of raised bogs in Patagonia. The new “Norma General CVE 1246055” regulates a maximum harvest depth of Sphagnum fibres, minimum regeneration times after harvest (12 years in the region of Los Lagos y Chiloé, and 85 years in the regions of Magallanes and Aysén), prohibits drainage of harvest areas and comes with a set of other measures which will help to order the so far unregulated harvest and will help to maintain these ecosystems in future.

Here you can read the official text of the “Norma General” (in Spanish)
http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/publicaciones/2018/02/02/41973/01/1346055.pdf

Congratulations to the people of Chile, for having taken this important decision in favor of the conservation of these ecosystems. Congratulations to all the persons who influenced this cause during its process, especially persons from Parque Etnobotánico Omora, Aysén Reserva de Vida, Round Rivers Conservation, Vive Aysén, Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad – CIRENYS, Senda Darwin, Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero – SAG de Coyhaique, al Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria INIA de Magallanes, Department of Soil Sciences from the Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and all persons who helped with their commitment and enthusiasm to build this new reality for Chilean mires.

Thanks to our friends of “Aysén Ahora Noticias” for this small note about the talk we gave for the community in the Casa de la Cultura of Puerto Aysén. Specially our thanks to the team of www.viveaysen.cl for supporting the spreading of these informations, by inviting and facilitating this activity.

Thanks to all your support we were able to realise the journey to rural communities of the Chilean Patagonia in between the 10^th of November and the 9^th of December 2017. The timeframe of the trip was determined by the necessity of good weather conditions and the school vacations. The pupils in Chile leave the school by mid December and have a long summer vacation until March, so the best time window was late springtime.

The trip was also well timed for another reason. At the moment, the harvesting of the peat moss (Sphagnum magellanicum) is expanding into the Chilean Patagonia. Since many years, this activity was exclusively practised in the Chilean region Los Lagos. Properly managed, with sufficient time for regeneration and a harvest not below a certain depth, peat moss can be considered a regrowing resource. However, the unsustainable way of harvesting peat moss let to a depletion in the region Los Lagos, wherefore this economy is moving southwards and continues in the same way. The growth of road systems and infrastructure unfortunately also makes the formely isolated peatlands accessible, which are amongst the last pristine peatland complexes in the world. As you can see in the photos, we also came across the transport chain.

As many people in the Patagonia are worried about the expansion of the peat moss harvest into their region, we were invited in some communities to give presentation with background information on peatlands, discussing their functions (e.g. water storage, carbon storage, protection against inundations, special habitat for plants and animals) and the risks related to the peat moss harvest.

The Team

First of all, we present the team:  Mariana, who worked several years in the wetlands of the Maipo River as a ranger and as an environmental instructor for kids. Caro, who wrote her PhD thesis about the classification of peatland types in the region of Aysén and has a long-standing experience working on environmental education. And Marvin, who is just about to finish a PhD about peatlands in South Africa and instructed various environmental education projects before.

The Journey

The route that we took brought us in the first half to the southern end of Chiles famous Carreterra Austral. The second half was done in the region Magallanes. Moving by public transport (buses and ferries) with a suitcase full of indoor-workshop equipment, a heavy bag with a peat corer for the outdoor part of the workshop and all the stuff we need for camping. At first we went to a small rural community named Villa Manihuales, where we conducted a workshop with 28 kids of the local school. Later that day, we went to Puerto Aysén where we gave a presentation about Peatlands in Aysén to the community.

From there on we moved forward to Coyhaique, where we were invited to two radio sessions to talk about the peatland problematic and also gave a community talk. After a one evening stop and another community talk in Cochrane we went forward to Villa O’Higgins, the last village of the Carreterra Austral where we met a student group of the US-American NGO Round River Conservation Studies. They work in Patagonia in environmental monitoring programmes and together we organised the workshop with the schools in Villa O’Higgins and Caleta Tortel. Both times we took the kids to peatlands in walking distance and every child of the school had its personal buddy from the US-student group.

In addition, we gave in each place a radio and a community talk. Moreover, in Caleta Tortel, we were asked by a member of the municipal council to give a presentation, so we prepared a short and concise talk, about risks (extractive peatland use) and possibilities (non-extractive peatland use) for the local politicians.

A two day journey on the vessel Crux Australis brought us through the channels of the Patagonian Archipelago to Puerto Natales and the region Magallanes. It took us a couple of days to get the programme organised, permissions from the parents and to see how the transport will work. On the way, Matias Muñoz, a teenager student of the school Puerto Natales joined us as enthusiastic voluntary field assistant. In the end we took children from the school E3 Santiago Bueras of Puerto Natales to the rural school of Seno Obstrucción, where they joined the pupils of the rural school of Seno Obstrucción. The small village, some 60 km south of Puerto Natales, is surrounded by peatlands and some of the approximately 50 inhabitants live from harvest of peat mosses. For the three pupils of Seno Obstrucción, who rarely meet other kids, it was a delightful encounter, and for the pupils of the school Santiago Bueras of Puerto Natales a great adventure.

The indoor activities usually consisted of experiments aiming to illustrate the differences between peat and mineral soils, the water storage and filtration capacities of peat, as well as to teach the recognition of peatland plants by fotos and samples. The second part outside, aimed to sharpen the pupils perception of the environment, to recognise peatlands as elements of the landscape, encounter typical plants and animals and discover the part which is below the surface (using the peat corer generously donated by the FG Bodenkunde of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin).

Altogether we left the south of Chile with a good feeling about our activities. We got the impression of having left some seeds of environmental awareness, which might flower in the future. Further, we are happy that thanks to the donations, we were able to act as an independent initiative, without representing the interests of the private economic sector; or governmental institutions, which are usually biased in favour of economic (extractive) activities.

Many thanks also go to the angels who helped us along the way:

Gabriela Núñez+Nico+Amparo+Amanda y Erick Vidal (Puerto Aysén)
Peter Hartmann y Dinelly Soto (Coyhaique)
Matthew Pomilia, Eli Brunner, Shalynn Pack and the Round River Conservation students (Villa O’Higgins and Caleta Tortel)
José Diaz Tavié; Ricardo Ordóñez; Sabine Barrios+Livio +Simón; Roberto Muñoz+ Matías+ Claudia (Puerto Natales y Seno Obstrucción)

List of activities in chronologic order:

– Workshop with school in Villa Manihuales
– Community talk in Puerto Aysén
– Community talk in Coyhaique
– Community talk in Cochrane
– Workshop with school in Villa O’Higgins
– Community talk in Villa O’Higgins
– Workshop with school in Caleta Tortel
– Presentation to the community council in Caleta Tortel
– Community talk in Caleta Tortel
– Joint workshop in Seno Obstrucción, with the rural school of Seno Obstrucción and the school E3 Santiago Bueras of Puerto Natales.

Map of the journey with all its stations

Last Wednesday 14 Juny 2017 we took part in the workshop  “Peatlands: update and challenges” in Santiago, presenting about our initiative “Mires of Chile”.

There we had a fruitful exchange with colleages working on peatlands conservation, restauration and investigation, like Verónica Pancotto (CADIC – CONICET-Argentina), Carolina León (Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins), Christel Oberpaur (Universidad Santo Tomás), Ariel Valdés (Universidad de Chile), Rubén Carrillo (Universidad de la Frontera), Erwin Domínguez (INIA Kampenaike Magallanes), Leonardo Fernández (Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins)  and Roy MacKenzie (Parque OMORA-Universidad de Magallanes). We hope this meeting will give place to new synergies and cooperative works for the protection of these ecosystems and their key functions for climate change prevention.

A new contribution for the recognition of degradation processes of mires and peatlands is now available in our section on Conservation and Restoration.

http://www.miresofchile.cl/en/conservation-and-restoration/degradation-of-mires-and-peatlands/

http://www.miresofchile.cl/en/conservation-and-restoration/substrate-types-in-mires-of-aysen-a-tool-for-their-recognition/

Attention educators! we just uploaded a new tool to explain mire and wetland processes and functions to all kind of public. Download the detailed poster and help us to disseminate the importance of our ecosystems!

We have new works to pleasure you!

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